Howard Lee is a lecturer in communication at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia where he received his PhD. He served more than a decade as a public communication professional and was a former editor of an online news site in Singapore. His research areas include media governance, governmentality, social surveillance, media freedom and public communication. He has written for various journals, book projects and academic websites on topics relating to Singapore media and politics, freedom of information, technology and social media, and the governance of journalism.